Sociodemographic characteristics integrated racial care about-class (light or low-light e.grams. black colored, brown, reddish, or local), host to home (metropolitan or outlying), schooling (0–4, 5–8, 9–11, or ? a dozen decades), and you can monthly domestic money each capita when you look at the tertiles (reduced, center, or high). The brand new metropolitan–outlying classification try based on the strategies utilized by the Brazilian Institute out of Geography and you can Analytics (from inside the Portuguese, IBGE) in 2010 populace census out-of management restrictions set-out by the local laws and regulations. Within for every municipality’s limits, this type of local rules establish an imaginary line named “urban perimeter”. The fresh new census tracts found for the “urban perimeter” was termed urban, whereas the rest of the parts are designated rural. One other pointers was received as a consequence of a face-to-deal with interview in the participant’s home.
Anthropometric parameters
Height was measured in centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the Portekiz gelin ajansД± World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Mathematical research
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
Abilities
Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The features of your study players by the sex can be seen within the Desk step one. Both in sexes, really players was indeed non-white, stayed in the brand new area, got 0–4 years of education, and exhibited increased sides width. Towards Body mass index, fat is the most common group for men (42.9%), if you are fat and you will carrying excess fat got almost equivalent frequencies for ladies (thirty-six.9% and you will 35.4%, respectively). Out-of persistent infection, 44.1% away from participants advertised which have a health analysis from arterial blood pressure, 17.4% regarding diabetic issues mellitus, 11.5% from weakening of bones, 7.4% away from center disease (angina, myocardial infarction, and you will cardio failure), and you can 5.7% from breathing problems (symptoms of asthma and you can persistent obstructive pulmonary situation).